My theory and practice of Counseling (我的輔導理論和實踐)
File: my computer: c:\ET\Spirlife\靈修學\我的輔導理論.doc
Professor : Dr. Kenneth Dale
Student : Philip Yim Kwok Hung
Date : 8th July, 1993.
New revision date: 2010年1月15日 "7 Areas Theory"
I. My theory of Counseling: on human nature
A. Man is consisted of three parts:
Spirit, Mind, and Body; but they are mutually related. "7 areas model" is described as follows:
Spirit Mind Body
Spirit : sp. problem superego /ego physiological problem -->sp. life
Mind : ------------- mental illness id
Body : ------------- ---------------- physical disease
N.B.: In one area, they are integrated together as a unit. It may be situated at the brain.
B. Man is developed through stages.
1. In each stage[1], there are some basic tasks to complete. However, very few people can achieve "completely." [2] Therefore counseling is needed by everyone, including the healthy people, to face their developmental problems.[3]
2. Socialization & Psychological Fulfillment[4] are some important factors.
3. Tasks unfulfilled in previous stages will affect the later stages, but influence varies; some may be almost "fatal," some may be ignored. Absolute equilibrium is impossible, while relatively "good" equilibrium is pursued. [5]
4. Holistic growth in all the 7 areas (see I. A.) is needed especially the corresponding spiritual aspects of psychological needs. (cf. Maslow's triangle.) Man's choice is determined by : mental, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual factors.
II. My practice of Counseling
A. Relation building & Information gathering:
B. Diagnosis:
C. Solving the problem together with the client:
D. Re-defining the problem: New insights reveal the real problem and restrictions reveal "bestt" possible equilibrium.
E. Working through: (a co-counselor may be needed.)
F. Closing the counseling sessions / Referral.
G. Follow-up
A. Relation building & Information gathering:
1. The client presents his/her problem: present issue & past history.[6]
a. His present burning issue:
b. His individual experience:
i) The influence of special related past experience: e.g. trauma. ii) Unconsciousness affects a man's life. (repetition of pattern)
iii) Some are unchangeable, but adjustable, e.g. temperament.
iv) Respect and observe his feeling. (Why he has this feeling?)
c. His family experience: (using Genogram)
Family constellation affects one's personality, but not final or unchangeable.[7] Family interaction will affect the client's attitude.[8]
d. Other experience:
i) His relationship with friends, classmates, spouse, children, colleague neighbor and relatives, etc.[9] (Concentric circle of relationship)
ii) Other special relationship: e.g. extra-marital affair, corruption, spiritual encounter, etc.
2. Building Client-Counselor relationship:[10]
a. Respect the client's self-determination; notice his individualization.
b. Believe that the man can change his present situation despite his past (though changes may be favorable in some cases).
c. Try to be as neutral as possible. (uncondemning Vs ethical problem)
d. Empathy, acceptance, congruence, confidentiality and counselor's control of his own emotional response are also important.
B. Diagnosis:
Find the connection of his problems. (related to 7 areas).
C. Solving the problem together with the client:
Solve the emergent and important problem. (E.g., a man in debts needs to learn how to handle money.) Let him find out the problems and make an action plan for this.
D. Re-defining the problem: New insights reveal the real problem and restrictions reveal "best" possible equilibrium.
E. Working through: (a co-counselor may be needed.)
"A-B-C-S" Approach[11]
F. Closing the counseling sessions / Referral.
G. Follow-up
[1]based on the developmental stage theory.
[2]Imperfect fulfillment is common. cf. IQ. frequency & normal distribution.
[3]See Casework: Theories and Case Illustrations, pp.63-64. Carl Rogers thinks that counseling is not for the client (men ih problems), but also normal person. This is my basic idea too; hence, I emphasize prevention (like Adler).
[4]influenced partly on Adler, Maslow, and Nietzsche (Ubermensch).
[5]Idea from Dr. Kin in his book: The Philosophy of Man (Chinese ed.), p.192f; on the self-feedback system. There is no sure thing as absolute stable stage/equilibrium, hence relatively stable equilibrium is expected. Just like the electrons rest on a certain energy level until they have more/less energy. Or like the "memory metal" which return to a cetain shape when it is heated. This is because the energy level is comparatively "stable", before a higher level of energy seize it.
[6]Point 1-4 learnt from psychoanalysis.
[7]This point is learnt from Adlerian Psychotherapy; esp. the book "First Born, Second Born" by Barbara A. Sullivan.
[8]This is suggested by Family Therapy (Family as a system).
[9]This is influenced by Psychosocial Therapy , see Casework: Theories and Case Illustrations, p.5f.
[10]It is influenced by Client-centred Therapy.
[11]It includes: 1.Affectional: Release emotions; learn to settle & control it.
2. Behavior : Behavior change will cause mental change.
3. Cognitive : Reason and mind can help a person to adjust his life.
Self-concept is one's own perception of self. It can be adjusted by reason. [11]
4. Spiritual : Inner healing: Spiritual & Psychological
Spiritual direction & formation counseling.[11]
My theory and practice of Counseling (我的輔導理論和實踐)
File: my computer: c:\ET\Spirlife\靈修學\我的輔導理論.doc
Professor : Dr. Kenneth Dale
Student : Philip Yim Kwok Hung
Date : 8th July, 1993.
New revision date: 2010年1月15日 "7 Areas Theory"
I. My theory of Counseling: on human nature
A. Man is consisted of three parts:
Spirit, Mind, and Body; but they are mutually related. "7 areas model" is described as follows:
Spirit Mind Body
Spirit : sp. problem superego /ego physiological problem -->sp. life
Mind : ------------- mental illness id
Body : ------------- ---------------- physical disease
N.B.: In one area, they are integrated together as a unit. It may be situated at the brain.
B. Man is developed through stages.
1. In each stage[1], there are some basic tasks to complete. However, very few people can achieve "completely." [2] Therefore counseling is needed by everyone, including the healthy people, to face their developmental problems.[3]
2. Socialization & Psychological Fulfillment[4] are some important factors.
3. Tasks unfulfilled in previous stages will affect the later stages, but influence varies; some may be almost "fatal," some may be ignored. Absolute equilibrium is impossible, while relatively "good" equilibrium is pursued. [5]
4. Holistic growth in all the 7 areas (see I. A.) is needed especially the corresponding spiritual aspects of psychological needs. (cf. Maslow's triangle.) Man's choice is determined by : mental, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual factors.
II. My practice of Counseling
A. Relation building & Information gathering:
B. Diagnosis:
C. Solving the problem together with the client:
D. Re-defining the problem: New insights reveal the real problem and restrictions reveal "bestt" possible equilibrium.
E. Working through: (a co-counselor may be needed.)
F. Closing the counseling sessions / Referral.
G. Follow-up
A. Relation building & Information gathering:
1. The client presents his/her problem: present issue & past history.[6]
a. His present burning issue:
b. His individual experience:
i) The influence of special related past experience: e.g. trauma. ii) Unconsciousness affects a man's life. (repetition of pattern)
iii) Some are unchangeable, but adjustable, e.g. temperament.
iv) Respect and observe his feeling. (Why he has this feeling?)
c. His family experience: (using Genogram)
Family constellation affects one's personality, but not final or unchangeable.[7] Family interaction will affect the client's attitude.[8]
d. Other experience:
i) His relationship with friends, classmates, spouse, children, colleague neighbor and relatives, etc.[9] (Concentric circle of relationship)
ii) Other special relationship: e.g. extra-marital affair, corruption, spiritual encounter, etc.
2. Building Client-Counselor relationship:[10]
a. Respect the client's self-determination; notice his individualization.
b. Believe that the man can change his present situation despite his past (though changes may be favorable in some cases).
c. Try to be as neutral as possible. (uncondemning Vs ethical problem)
d. Empathy, acceptance, congruence, confidentiality and counselor's control of his own emotional response are also important.
B. Diagnosis:
Find the connection of his problems. (related to 7 areas).
C. Solving the problem together with the client:
Solve the emergent and important problem. (E.g., a man in debts needs to learn how to handle money.) Let him find out the problems and make an action plan for this.
D. Re-defining the problem: New insights reveal the real problem and restrictions reveal "best" possible equilibrium.
E. Working through: (a co-counselor may be needed.)
"A-B-C-S" Approach[11]
F. Closing the counseling sessions / Referral.
G. Follow-up
[1]based on the developmental stage theory.
[2]Imperfect fulfillment is common. cf. IQ. frequency & normal distribution.
[3]See Casework: Theories and Case Illustrations, pp.63-64. Carl Rogers thinks that counseling is not for the client (men ih problems), but also normal person. This is my basic idea too; hence, I emphasize prevention (like Adler).
[4]influenced partly on Adler, Maslow, and Nietzsche (Ubermensch).
[5]Idea from Dr. Kin in his book: The Philosophy of Man (Chinese ed.), p.192f; on the self-feedback system. There is no sure thing as absolute stable stage/equilibrium, hence relatively stable equilibrium is expected. Just like the electrons rest on a certain energy level until they have more/less energy. Or like the "memory metal" which return to a cetain shape when it is heated. This is because the energy level is comparatively "stable", before a higher level of energy seize it.
[6]Point 1-4 learnt from psychoanalysis.
[7]This point is learnt from Adlerian Psychotherapy; esp. the book "First Born, Second Born" by Barbara A. Sullivan.
[8]This is suggested by Family Therapy (Family as a system).
[9]This is influenced by Psychosocial Therapy , see Casework: Theories and Case Illustrations, p.5f.
[10]It is influenced by Client-centred Therapy.
[11]It includes: 1.Affectional: Release emotions; learn to settle & control it.
2. Behavior : Behavior change will cause mental change.
3. Cognitive : Reason and mind can help a person to adjust his life.
Self-concept is one's own perception of self. It can be adjusted by reason. [11]
4. Spiritual : Inner healing: Spiritual & Psychological
Spiritual direction & formation counseling.[11]
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