Matthew_Survey

Matthew_Survey

綜覽研經法

馬太福音各章扼要

� 事	1.	耶穌家譜；約瑟娶馬利亞
	2.	博士到訪；逃走，殺嬰；到拿撒勒
	3.	約翰傳道；耶穌受洗
	4.	耶穌受試探；召四徒
教 導	5.	論福、仇恨、姦淫、起誓、愛仇敵
	6.	論施捨、禱告、禁食，勿慮衣食
	7.	不論斷人、求則得之；兩門路，果樹，根基
� 事	8.	淨大痳瘋；治百夫長僕，彼得岳母；靜浪，趕鬼
	9.	醫癱子；馬太被召；醫血漏；閨女復活；開瞎眼；趕啞鬼
教導	10.	遣12使徒(差遣講論)
� 事	11.	施洗約翰差人問主；主讚他，�不信之城
	12.	安息日治病，法利賽人求神蹟
教導	13.	撒種、稗子、尋珠、撒網比喻；鄉里棄主
� 事	14.	約翰被斬、五餅二魚、耶穌覆海
	15.	心中污穢、迦南婦人之信心、七餅數魚
	16.	求顯神蹟、彼得認信、豫言復活、當背十架
	17.	登山變像、先鋒約翰、治癲癇病、信心能力、魚口得稅
教導	18.	天國偉人、絆人之罪、迷路的羊、無限饒恕
� 事	19.	辯論休妻、祝福小孩、積寶於天、從主得賞
	20.	葡萄園比喻、豫言復活、開兩瞎子的眼
	21.	騎驢進城、潔淨聖殿；兩兒子、兇惡園戶比喻
	22.	婚筵比喻、納稅之辯；最大誡命
	23.	勿效法利賽人；論其七禍；歎惜耶京
教 導	24.	豫殿被�；再來豫兆；善僕比喻
	25.	十童女、按才受責任比喻、審判日子
� 事	26.	用計殺主、香膏抹主、猶大賣主、設立主餐、客園禱告、 耶穌被拿、公會審主、彼得賣主
	27.	彼拉多審主、猶大結局；耶穌被戲、被釘、譏誚耶穌、 死時景象、安於新墳、封石妥守
	28.	死�復活、捏造謊言、使徒被遣

Infinitive

Infinitive – Contrastive Grammar – Part 1

Reference:

1.       Lai Tung Leung, New Contrastive Grammar of English and German (Chinese edition). China, 2006.

2.       Wheelock, F. M. Wheelock's Latin. 6^th Ed. HarperCollins, 2000.

3.       Wenham. Elements of N.T. Greek.

4.       Wallace.  Greek Grammar beyond the Basics.

5.       Robertson. A Grammar of The Greek New Testament – In the light of Historical Research.

 

The following FOUR forms are used in different languages under comparison, but they are some other forms (or features) not shared listed in the next table.

 

Tense	Active	Passive
Present	schreiben	geschreiben werden
	To write	To be written
Perfect	geschreiben haben	geschreiben worden sein
	To have written	To have been written

Table 1

 

Greek Infinitive compared with other unique features in other languages

luw	Active	Middle	Passive
Present	luein	luesqai	luesqai
Perfect	lelukenai	lelusqai	lelusqai
Aorist: Greek	lusai	lusasqai	luqhnai
Present Continuous: Eng.	To be writing	-----	-----
Future: Latin	Laudaturus esse	------	Laudatum iri

Table 2

Some observations:

1.       Only Greek has middle voice, which may be used to render reflexivity, active or passive meanings.

2.       Aorist infinitive is unique. Though Aorist may mean a point in the past, but sometimes the infinitive does not convey this fully.

3.       Present Continuous infinitive can only be found in English as a unique form. The same function will be included in the Present Active Infinitive in German or Greek.

4.       Future Infinitive is found only in Latin, but a special pattern of infinitive is used to express the same form in English (though it is a rare usage). [i]

5.       Infinitives can be used as nouns or adverbs in many Indo-European languages.

---

[i] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive#Impersonal_Constructions There is a specific situation in which the infinitive is used, where it acts almost like an "impersonal future tense", replacing "will". This is done through the construction: to be + "to" + bare infinitive. Grammatically, this is identical to the instructional "I am to wait outside" construction (above), but does not signify somebody having been issued an instruction; rather, it expresses an intended action, in the same way as "will". This "tense" is used extensively in news reports, eg. –

• The Prime Minister is to visit the West Bank (active)
• Aid is to be sent to war-torn Darfur (passive) [2]

This "future infinitive" construction is interesting in that it only has a future aspect to it in situations where the speaker is significantly distanced from the event.[3] In cases where the subject of the sentence is not quite as distanced from the speaker, then the same construction takes on a sense of instruction or necessity (as in "he is to wait outside", or "he is to go to hospital").

The same construction can be used in conditional clauses - If you are to go on holiday, then you need to work hard (or, conversely, if you want to...then you are to...).

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive#Impersonal_Constructions There is a specific situation in which the infinitive is used, where it acts almost like an "impersonal future tense", replacing "will". This is done through the construction: to be + "to" + bare infinitive. Grammatically, this is identical to the instructional "I am to wait outside" construction (above), but does not signify somebody having been issued an instruction; rather, it expresses an intended action, in the same way as "will". This "tense" is used extensively in news reports, eg. –

• The Prime Minister is to visit the West Bank (active)
• Aid is to be sent to war-torn Darfur (passive) [2]

This "future infinitive" construction is interesting in that it only has a future aspect to it in situations where the speaker is significantly distanced from the event.[3] In cases where the subject of the sentence is not quite as distanced from the speaker, then the same construction takes on a sense of instruction or necessity (as in "he is to wait outside", or "he is to go to hospital").

The same construction can be used in conditional clauses - If you are to go on holiday, then you need to work hard (or, conversely, if you want to...then you are to...).

 

Olympics Medals are related to what

Olympics Medals are related to what?

 

Previously some Economists have suggested the number of Olympics Medals is related to the GDP of a country and they can predict it with the related data. But with a short analysis on the 2008 Olympics medals up to day 9 (17^th August 2008), it seems that the data does not support this claim.

 

        I don't choose GDP per Capita because it has less co-relation to the matter under study.

But the GDP only seems to meet the assumption only if we choose the first four top countries with most Gold Medals, but it would violate it strongly when we find the Second Most GDP country – Japan is not on the Eighth. In contrast to this, Australia and Korea which have less GDP have a higher rank than Japan.

When we extend our scope to Rank 13^th (Spain), then we will find a very confusing picture. Ukraine is on top of France, and Romania is higher than Spain. All these two are less than 10% of GDP of France or Spain.

Thus we can assume that the GDP is not related directly to Olympics Gold Medals or the number of Total medals scored.

 

Discovery_DNA and dinasours' history

Discovery: DNA and dinasours' history

A Discovery documentary has reported the following data:
a) A dinasaurs' bone has soft tissue!
- It defiles the general belief that DNA will not survive over 100,000 years. The dinasaur is believed to be over 68,000,000 years.
b) Dinasaurs' DNA may be in the birds.
- Controlled "mutations" have caused a species of bird to have long tail, teeth, and even scales like the dinasaurs.

 

What are the implications?
I propose some changes in the old theories or understandings.

 

1) The dinasaur found is in fact around 100,000 years (or less, e.g. 20,000), not the long number. With the data given in b), we can believe that the mutations do not need so long as previously assumed. Change of the related species are in fact some changes in the DNA rendering (using some genes, and close the other geners.) The time needed for "Evolution" to take its effects are shorter than previously proposed.

 

It can use to explain:

 

1.1 Why so many years have been passed, the Earth is not full of all kinds of animals fossils.
1.2 It can explain why a human footprint is found in the footprint of a dinasaour! Simply they live in the same age, not millions years away.

 

2) The cultures of human kind may be shorter than previously proposed. The so-called old stone age "man" may be just a kind of man caused by mutations. The time span between old stone age to new stone age should be shorter than we think or even the same time! The old stone age man may be just a mutated "group" or indivduals. The human culture starts at most 20,000 years before.

 

Since using the archaeological finds and myths and other stories about the old times, we can reconstruct some pictures in the ancient times, but it seems that we lose the picture before 20,000 years ago.

 

REFLECTION
1) I don't believe in Evolution and think the large time span is wrong. In fact it is also a kind of belief, cannot be scientifically proved. History cannot be tested by science.
2) The historical records and myths put human culture starting in a time around 8,000 to 10,000 BC.
3) The Evolution is impossible to explain the loss of so many species in so long a time in history.